TEST

HAZCAT 1.0

(instructions/reagents)

HAZCAT 2.0

(instructions/reagents)

COMMENTS

Acetate Test

UK +H₂SO4 → Acetate Ion

*Gastec Acid Gases 80 or Dreager Acetic Acid 5/a

Eliminated

Definitive test for acetate anion in metals.

*Tubes are currently not stocked

Acetate Test II

UK_(aq) H₂SO₄ → CO

*Poly Tev IV or Dreager CO

Eliminated

Definitive test for Acetate in organic Acids

*Tubes are currently not stocked.

Acetone Test

[(NH₄)OH* + I] _sltn + UK → percipitates

MA-4*

Eliminated

Distinguishes acetones, ketones, and unknown organic.

*Initial mixture forms an explosive when dry therefore elimination decreases hazards.

Acid Test

UK+ 3N HCl → effervesence

*Add methanol to break surface tension if needed

*Presented in Oxidizer Complex

–

The presentation of results in 2.0 is more cohesive with particular attention to color changes, and combinations of results.  Distinctions are also made regarding the relevance of results to either the main solids/liquids chart vs. anion chart.

Alcohol Solubility Test

[UK + methanol]_sltn + H₂O →

Gel (flour/starch) or White flakes (non- polar solid)

*Presented with Xylene Solubility

Eliminated

The test is used to assess the polar/ non-polar nature of the unknown.

Alcohol Test

HNO₃* + K₂Cr₂O₇** + UK →

color changes in solution

Leave sltn up to 30 mins if [OH]~ 100 ppm

*MA1, **Alcohol test

[HNO₃* + K₂CrO₄**]sltn + UK→

Color changes in solution

*Utilizes timer to establish rates for primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols

MA1*, **Alcohol Test

The test changes from potassium dichromate to potassium chromate. 

In addition to the color results of 1.0, version 2.0 presents time results which allow for distinctions to be made between primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols.

Aldehyde Test

[ CuSO₄* + Alk. Tart**]_sltn +

[UK +HCl]_sltn  → color change

*Sugar Test 1, **Sugar Test 2

[AgNO_3(aq) + NaOH_(aq) + NH₄OH]_sltn →

Filter Paper + UK_(aq)

The tests has been completely reformulated to eliminate Sugar Test 2

Alkaline Metals Test

–

[UK]sltn + HCl + (NH4(2C2O4)) →

Colored percipitates

Test allows all group II metals to be identified and additionally gives confirmatory leads.

**Check for Ammonium Oxalate Reagent.  Check if the one for Ca test works

Aluminum Metal Test

NaOH*_(aq) + UK → effervescence

~add MeOH if no Rxn

*MA5

NaOH*_(aq) + UK → effervescence

2.0 calls it Aluminum Test. Test is used to identify powdered aluminum metal.  When conjoined with magnet test, thermite can also be identified with this.  Versoin 1.0 creates the NaOH solution using MA5 whereas the new test has NaOH solution reagent.

Aluminum Test

UK_(acidified) + C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₉* + NH₄C₂H₃O₂** → red floc.

Red floc + NH₄OH***

*Al-1, **Metal Extraction, ***MA4

UK + C₂₂H₂₃N₃O₉* + NH₄C₂H₃O₂** → red floc.

Red floc + NH₄OH***

*Al-1, **Metal Extraction, ***MA4

In version 1.0 the test is called the Aluminum Test while in 2.0 it is called Aluminum Salt Test.  2.0 no longer requires the acidification of UK and additionally allows the identification of Berrylium and Copper salts.

Amine Test

Ammonia Gas Test 4

UK_(l) + I → smoke/color →vapor pH

This test allows for the identification of Amines and ringed nitrogen compounds. Results are better presented in addition to treating color changes.

Ammonia Gas Test

Test 1: pH headspace for non-flammable liquids

Test 2: UK_(aq) + NaOH* →pH vapor, *MA5

Test 3: pH headspace for combustible/flammable /water soluble liquids

Test 4 – Amine test

Test 5: UK_(pH≤7) char → pH vapor

pH headspace

The Ammonia Gas Test in version 2.0 has compressed Test 1 and 3 while separating Test 4 into the Amine Test and Test 2 into the Ammonium Salts test, which facilitates ease of results interpretation.

Test 5 has been eliminated as the result seems likely to be covered under the char test.

Version 2.0 facilitates ease of use as the Amine test has more informative results.

Ammonium Salts Test

Ammonia Gas Test 2

NaOH(aq)* + UK → pH head space, *NaOH solution

This test identifies the Ammonium cation. The NaOH reagent used to be made using NaOH but now comes as a standard.

Aniline Test

UK(l) + H₂SO₄ + MNO₂* + q → blue liquid

*Aniline Test

UK_{(l, aq)} → H₂O layer + H₂SO₄ + KCrO₄ → blue liquid

Version 2.0 utilizes Potassium Chromate instead of Manganese Oxide.

*check reagent

Antimony Test

*Version 1.0 Accessory

Not included

Currently not stocked

Arsenic Test

Filter Paper + HgCl₂*,

[UK + SnCl₂** + KI*** + H₂SO₄**** + Zn*****]

*As1, **As2, ***As3, ****As4, *****As5

Filter Paper + AgNO₃,

[UK + SnCl₂ + KI + H₂SO₄], 10 mins

Add Zn then filter paper

Version 2.0 activates the filter paper with silver nitrate.  Additionally, instructions now include details on appropriate wait times for optimal results.

Asbestos Test

Test 1: Asbestos Magnesium Test

UK+ Asb3 (+Asb3a) + Asb2 → precipitate

Test 2: Asbestos Iron test

UK + Asb2 (+Asb4a) + Asb1 + Asb2

Eliminated

Barium Test

Ba Test_(aq)* + UK_(aq) + HCl

Ba Test_(aq)  + [UK_(aq) + NH₄OH**] + HCl

**MA4

[HCl + reagent paper] + UK_(aq) + Ba Test_(aq)

Version 2.0 utilizes a new reagent paper.   Additionally, it is referred to as the Barium/Lead test. This reagent paper also allows for the identification of lead utilizing practically the same test except for the addition of regaent paper

*check reagent.

Benzoyl Peroxide Test

UK + MeOH* → moist peroxide strip color change.

No changes

Bismuth Test

Refers to Nickel Test

Eliminated

Boron Test

UK + MeOH* + q →green flame

UK + MeOH + H₂SO₄ + q → green flame

*alcohol solubility

UK + MeOH + H₂SO₄ + q → green flame

*alcohol solubility

Version 2.0 only presents the sulfuric enhanced test.  Additionally, the presented results also allow for the identification of sodium borohydride.    

Bromide Test

UK + CuSO₄* → burgundy

*Sugar test 1

UK_(aq) + Xylene + KMNO₄ + H₂SO₄ → color changes

Version 2.0 includes a Bromide-Iodide test which screens for both the bromine anion and iodide ion.  The test in version 2.0 further creates an aqueous and a non-non aqueous layer and combinations of colors in both layers allow identification of bromates, iodates, chromic acid, conc. Nitric acid, persulfate, chlorate, and perborate anions.  Additionally the literature presents results as they are pertinent to liquid acids and anions charts.

*check reagents for KMNO₄

BYTEX Separator

UK_(aq) → top layer + H2SO4 → yellow orange

Eliminated

The test is used to identify components of BYTEX mixtures.

Cadmium Test

UK(aq) [+ HCl to dissolve] + Cad. Test → color changes.

UK(aq/acid) + HCl →transfer liquid1 + NH4OH → transfer liquid2 + Cad. Test → compare color changes to results

  Also assess color changes of the remaining solid residue from the first transfer

Version 1.0 features clearer instructions.  Additionally it identifies Cd, Ag, Hg, Fe, and Pb.  Version 2.0 identifies Cd, Hg (I), Pb containing compounds, Bi, Cu, Hg (II), Sn, and Zn compounds.  Version 2.0 results also feature color coding which correlates to concentration levels.

*check reagents and procedure.

Calcium Test

UK_(aq) + HCl → (effervescence) + C₂H₈N₂O₄ → color changes

Eliminated

The test did allow for the identification of Ca, Co, and Cr when it was part of an insoluble salt.

Carbon Dioxide Test

UK_(aq)  ( + HCl ) → effervescence into tube

*Gastec Polytec IV/Draeger Carbon Dioxide

Eliminated

Version 1.0 was designed to identify the inorganic carbonate anion.

Carbon Monoxide Test

UK + q → vapor into tubes

Gastec Polytec IV 27 / Draeger CO 8/a

UK + q → vapor into tubes

Drager Carbon Monoxide CO5/c tube

Version 1.0 is designed to identify inorganic carbon/graphite.  While the Version 2.0 tests utilizes the same mechanism but a different tube.

Carbonate Test

–

UK_(aq) [+ MeOH] → pH +     Ba Cl₂ →white percip. + HCl →Result, pH → ^–HOOH → white percip. → Result + HCl + NaOH → filter solid → BaCl₂ + HCl → result

UK + HCl →Draeger Carbon Dioxide, CO2 100/a tube

The carbonate test is new to the Hazcat system.  The test allows for the identification of both inorganic carbonate and bicarbonate ions in addition to bisulfites and metabisulfites.  Results are presented in both main solids and main liquids context.

*check mechanics of test.

Carboxylate Test

UK + HCl [+ q] → Drager Carbon Monoxide – CO 5/c tube  + Drager Acetic Acid 5/a tube

The carboxylate test is new to the hazcat system and allows for identication of organic acids, metal salts w/ organic acid anions and allows for identification between acids with organic structure and organic structure/inorganic binary oxy acids

Cesium Test

See potassium test

–

–

Char Test

1. Hairpin Test

Screens for explosives, hydrides, organic peroxides, metallic flame tests, sulfur, magnesium, iodine, and phosphoruous

UK + hairpin + q + [HCl, q]

2.  Char Test – heat testube

Identifies mixtures, organics vs. inorganics, alkali salts, iodides, silicates, pesticides, sulfur, and nitrates.

3. Char Ignition Test – ignite vapors off headspace

4. Char pH Test – pH of unknowns which originally featured a ph {5,9}

5. Char oxidizer test

Identifies nitrates

Thermal Analysis

The order of Char pH test and Char Oxidizer test should be reversed.

Chlorate Test

–

*Conducted on Thermal Analysis Residue.

UK_res + H₂O + HNO₃ + AgNO₃

The test identifies chlorates which decompose/ release oxygen during thrermal analysis.

Chloride Test

UK_(aq) + [H₂SO₄, pH ≤7] AgNO₃ → white percip + H₂SO₄

UK_(aq) + AgNO3 → white percip. + NH₄OH

While the tests share a name, version 2.0 eliminates the initial acidification of the unknown and in lieu of acidifying the precipitate, it is basified.

Version 1.0 identifies chlorides, phosphates, thiocyanate, and bromide/iodide ions.

Version 2.0 identifies chlorides, bromide/iodide (including the respective acids), sulfites, thiosulfites, phosphoric acid, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, copper cations, iron cations, and cobalt cations.

Chromium Test

UK_(acidifed) + Chromium Test → colors

–

Version 1.0 is able to detect most all chromium salts excluding chromium trioxide.  The chromium must be in an acidic solution to be detected.

Chromate Test

–

UK + HCl + ^–HOOH → color changes

Version 2.0 features this test to confirm the chromate ion.  Interferences and additional info for this test are not available.  Users are directed to this test via Metal Analysis 3.

Cobalt Test

UK + Co Test* → color change

*sodium thiocyanate in EtOH

UK_(liq) + NaSCN → color change

[MeOH + H₂O + HNO₃] → transfer  + NaSCN

Version 2.0 acidifies the unknown solution and in addition to identifying Co, Fe (III), Cu (II), Bismuth and moldbdem.  Additionally due to more precise measurements concentrations for Co are catalogued by color. Version 1.0 treats both solids and liquids alike, and identifies Co, Au, Ag, and Cu

*Solvent of thiocyanate solution should be investigated.

Combustibility Test

UK_(liq) + q → combustion of liquid and saturated match

UK_(liq) + reagent paper + q  →combustion

Version 1.0 uses the match as a medium to assess the degree of combustibility/flammability whilst Version 2.0 utilizes paper.  Version 1.0 features flame color results whereas 2.0 does not present any flame color results due to the use of paper.

Copper Test

UK(aq) + NH₄OH → blue/ MA-4 results

[H₂O + KI + HCl] + UK → color changes

Version 1.0 identifies directly for copper, Cr (III), Fe, Mn, Co, Me, Bi, An, Mg, Al, Cu, and Cr (IV)

Version 2.0 identifies Cu , Ag, and Pb.  Color gradients are also correlated to copper concentrations of types of copper salts.

The Metal Analysis 4 is no featured in Version 2.0 therefore evaluate if anything will be lost.

Copper Wire Test

[wire, MeOH] → UK → Cu

[wire, MeOH] → UK → Cu

Version 1.0 is designed to assess organic halogens for non-corrosive sinking liquids.  The technique in Version 2.0 is improved and now allows for solids to undergo the test.  Unknown vapors are also assessed.

Cyanide Test 1

UK(aq) +  [CYN -1 + CYN-2] + HCl → color change

UK_(aq) + Ferr. Ammonium Citrate → RESULT → Ferr. Ammonium Sulf. + HCl → result

Version 1.0 calls this the Cyanide Test whilst in 2.0 it is Cyanide Test 1. The test identifies water soluble inorganic cyanides.  While the reagents are the same the instructions are different.

*check reagents and instructions

Cyanide Test 2

Test 1: Nitriles/Organic Cyanides

UK + q → tube*

Test 2: Insoluble Metal Cyanides

UK + q→ tube*

Test 3: Urethane Plastics

UK + q → tube*

Tube* – Gastec Hydrogen Cyanide 12L or Drager Hydrocyanic 2/a

UK + q + Drager Hydrocyanic Acid 0.5/a tube

Seems to correspond to Test 2

Differences in the type of tubing being used are apparent.  Additionally, Test 1 and 3 did not feature any large differences however their applicability to nitriles and urethane plastics is no longer emphasized.

Dehydration Test

–

UK + H₂SO4 + H₂SO4 →

The test indicates common table sugar/polyalcohol.

Dimenthal Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Place UK on watch glass

Eliminated

The test screens for volatile substances and additionally the behavior, residues, and odors give more details.

Flour Test

UK + KI → flour result

UK + KI → flour test

No changes.

Flouride Test

UK_(aq) [pH ≤ 7, HCl]  + Fl test

[Alazarin + HCl] + UK →

Version 2.0 appears to have modified the instructions of the test.  Additionally the Alazarin is the base of the fluoride test and must be checked on.  Results are also color and additionally the new test allows for levels of fluoride in water to be measured using a color gradient.

*check reagents

Freon Test

UK + match, watch headspace

UK + match, watch headspace

No changes

Gallium Test

UK + match → melts

Eliminated

Version 1.0 offered a way to confirm lab grade solid gallium, which is rarely encountered.

Glycerol Test

UK + KMnO₄ → result

The test is new to the system and over 15 mins identifies glycocerol and propylene glycol

Heavy Metals Test

–

UK _{(aq, 4 – 11)}:

UK_(aq) + [MeOH + Diphenylcarbazide] → color change → + H₂SO₄ →color change for Cr. *new test tube*

[UK_(aq) + MeOH + diphenylcarbazide] + NH₄OH → color change. *new test tube*

[UK + NaOH + ^–HOOH] +q ] + UK_(aq) + MeOH → color change

UK _{(aq, 0-3)}:

UK_(aq) + [MeOh + diphenylcarbazide] → color change + NH₄OH → color change, shake → color change/NH₄OH

UK_{(aq, 12-14)}:

UK_aq + [MeOH + diphenylcarbizide] → color change + H₂SO₄ → color change + NH₄OH → color change.

The Heavy metals test is new to Version 2.0.  The test provides 3 methods for dealing with unknowns which a pH 4-11, pH 0-3 and for those with pH 12-14.

ph 4-11:

The first color change indicates the presence of Cu, Hg (II), Cr (VI), Cd, Co, Pd, Mb, Ni, and Ag.  Acidification of the test with dilute sulfuric acid gives the positive indicator for Chromium.

At this point the unknown, methanol carbazide solution is remade and basified with ammonium hydroxide to create color changes indicative of Hg, Ag, Cd, Ni, Mb, Co, Ni, and Cr. Any color changes other than the observed are then retested for chromium with another method.

pH 0-3:

The first color change indicates the possibility of chromate, Cr (VI), Hg, Mb.  The 2^nd and 3^rd color changes are to confirm for Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni , Co.

pH 12- 14:

The first color change indicates for Pb and Cu.  Following this the solution is acidified to produce a 2^nd color change which indicates for Cr, Ni, Cu, & Mb.  The solution is then basified to indicate for Co.

Overall the test is very cool!!

*check reagent.

Hydrochloric Acid Gas Test

UK + q + Gastec Hydrogen Chloride 14L/ Drager Vinyl Chloride 0.5/a tube

Eliminated

The test indentifies low levels of organic chlorides which are typically featured in PCBs and PVC plastic resin.  The test was eliminated.

Ignition Off Gas Test

–

UK + HCl → match to vapors

The test basically assesses the vapors of materials which off gas when acidified.  Indicators for metallic looking unknowns include Ba, Ca, Li, Mg, and Zn, while those for non-metallic unknowns include aluminum carbide, Calcium carbide, and sodium borohydride.  Negative results of the test include arsenate, bicarbonates, peroxides, nitrites, peroxides, sodium peroxide, phosphorous pentoxide, nitrites, and sodium nitrites.

Ignition of Plastic Sample Test

Touch hot hair pin to plastic

Eliminated

The test is part of strategy 3 which focuses on understanding an unknowns behavior in the oxidizer, char, and solubility complex to assign a hazard class.  There is good information regarding how to approach drum jobs in general which might be best addressed in a different training.

Iodide Test

UK_(aq) + H₂SO₄ + q → oxidizer test strip

Eliminated

The test is able to detect organic and inorganic iodides, bromides, nitrates, and chlorides.  When performed on an acid, the acid is hydroiodic acid.

*impact on acids chart

Iodine Test

Test 1: Flame Test of UK

Test 2:  UK + hexane*

Test 3: UK_(aq) + hexane*

*iodine test

*Iodine Test 1*

Flame test of purple solid utilizing “explosive test” tool

These tests are used to identify iodine in methamphetamine methods involving red phosphorus.

*check to make sure explosive test tool isn’t function specifc/expensive

Iodine Test 2

Iodine Test 2

UK + hexane + H₂O

The test is used to indicate iodine/iodide.  In version 1.0 the test is referred to as Iodine Test 2

Iodine Crystal Test

UK + I_(crystal) → color  change + viscosity.

Color standards made form mixing solvents with I_(crystal) – hexane, xylene, and alcohol solubilty

UK  + I(crystal) → color  change + viscosity.

Color standards made form mixing solvents with I(crystal) – hexane, xylene, and alcohol solubilty

The test allows for the identification of various organic solvents when color change results are assessed with viscosity.  Many organic solvents can be identified from this test.  In version 2.0 the results are no longer assessed coupled with the viscosity test however there is an organic analysis section which might supplement.

Iron Test

Test 1:

UK + Potassium Ferrocyanide* → color change

Test 2:

UK + 1-10,phenanthioline** → color change

Test 3:

UK + Sodium Thiocyanate*** → color change

*Metal Analysis 3, ** Iron Test 2, ***Cobalt Test

Eliminated

The series of tests is definitive for inorganic iron cation.  The test was eliminated in version 2.0.

*Check for identification of iron

Ketone Test

UK + ketone test piece

UK + ketone test piece, rub 4X

The test detects ethers, esters, aldehydes, and ketones.  The test seems unchanged however results in 1.0 are more texture oriented while those in 2.0 indicate that a stain will be left.

*make sure ketone test piece is the same material.

Latex Paint Test

UK + Metal Extraction Test, make a ball out of remaining solid and bounce it.

Eliminated

The test is used as part of paints strategy 3 and is no longer included in version 2.0

Lead Test

Test 1:

UK_(l) + chloranilic acid* → result

UK_(s) + Met. Extraction Test + Chloranilic acid* → result

*Pb test

Test 2:

Met. Extraction Test + UK + KCr₂O₇

Eliminated

The lead tests are definitive for inorganic Pb and its salts. Test 1 gives false positives for Bi, and AgNO₃.  The Pb-test reagent expires 1.5 years from purchase date.

Test 2 is a quick test for high concentrations of Pb and color changes identify either Pb/Ba.

Lead in Gasoline Test

UK_(l) + MA-10 filter paper + special blacklight + Tetra Ethyl Pb Test → color change

Eliminated

The test is used to distinguish leaded and unleaded fuel.  The black light and tetra ethyl lead test aren’t currently stocked in the kit.

Lead in Paint Test

Paint_(dry) + Met. Extrac. Test + Chrloranilic Acid* → color

Eliminated

The test is used identify lead in both wet and dry paints.

Lithium Test

Metal Analys 1, Flame Color

Not listed but Metal Analysis 1 is included

Magnesium Test

UK_(aq) + nitrophenylaz-1-napthol* → color change

*magnesium test

UK_(aq) + Magneson 2 → color change

The test is still included in both versions however the reagent in 2.0 is renamed to magneson 2.  Due to the results being identical, even in description, it appears to be the same test.

Magnet Test

UK in watch glass and magnet under

UK in test tube and move magnet up and down

In both versions the test should be used to assess black/gray/ metallic solids of Fe(II) salts and Fe-oxides.  Version 2.0 features a more extensive list of interferences along with slight variations in technique which decrease the amount of sample being used.

Manganese Test

UK_(l) + -HOOH* + Ammonium Oxalate** → percip + effervescence

UK_(s) + HCl + -HOOH* + Ammonium Oxalate** →percip + effervscense

*MA-8, **Ca Test

UK + HCl + -HOOH* → color change result + Ammonium oxalate** → result

Both versions identify the manganese cation. While in version 1.0 only the solid sample is acidified, in 2.0 all samples are acidified.  Additionally observational results following the addition of peroxide to the acidified unknown are able to indicated the presence of Fe, Cu, Vd, Mb, Mg, Cu, Pb, and Al which are then followed with the conclusive identification of Ba, Be, Ca, La, Mg, St, and Sn once the ammonium oxalate is added.  Version 2.0 also notes that Fe and Co act as interferences in addition to featuring better color results.

Mercury Test

Test 1:

Cu (coin) + HCl + UK(l) → silver sheen.

Test 2:

Diphenylcarbizide + UK(l) + NH4OH (ph > 8 )→ result

HCl + Hg Test Slug + UK

Version 1.0 cautions that the test should only be performed when confirming results from MA-7 and never from MA-2.  Version 1.0 features 2 tests of which Test 2 is more sensitive.  Test 2 is eliminated in version 2.0.

Test 1 and the test listed in Version 2.0 appear to be the same test however an examination of the Hg test slug is necessary to confirm.

Metal Analysis 1

Flame test

Flame test

The tests are identical excluding minor hardware changes.  Additionally version 2.0 features easy to use color results.  The test is no longer part of the 6-test metal analysis screen.

Metal Analysis 2

Borax + UK + q → bead

Borax + UK + q → bead

The rests are identical however version 2.0 features colored results.  The rest is no longer part of the 6-test metal analysis screen.

Metal Analysis 3

Filter paper* + KFeCN** + UK_(aq) → leave to dry

compare result to test tube w/ KFeCN + UK

UK_(l) + KFeCN

UK_(s) + H2O +HNO3 + KFeCn

Version 1.0 compared a mixture of the unknown and KFeCN in solution and on filter paper media.  Version 2.0 is unique in that solid unknowns undergo acidification and additionally the solution is not compared to filter paper.  The test repeats itself in section VI for inorganics.

Metal Analysis 4

UK + NH4OH → percipitates

Eliminated

Metal Analysis 5

UK + NaOH → percipitates

Eliminated

Metal Analysis 6

UK + HCl → percipitates

Eliminated

Metal Analysis  7

[UK + HCl]* + Na₂S → percipitates

*Contents of MA-6 test

Eliminated

Metal Analysis 8

[UK +HCl + Na₂S]* + NH₄OH → percipitates

*Contents of MA-7 test

Eliminated

Methanol Test

UK_(l) + CuSO₄ + NH₄OH → color change

Eliminated

The test is used to identify methanol although it is seldom necessary to distinguish types of alcohol.

Molybdenum Test

–

UK(aq) + NaSCN  → result 1 + HCl + Zn → final result

The test is confirmation for molybdenum.  Following the addition of NaSCN, color changes indicate Fe (III), Cu, Bi, Mb, Ag,and Hg.  After the addition of

Nickel Test

UK(l) + Dimethylglyoxime* (+ NH4OH** if pH < neutral) → color change

UK(s) + H2O (+ HCl***/H2SO4****/HNO3***** if not dissolving, one at a time) + Dimethylglyoxime* (+ HCl until pH <7) → color change

Ni-Test*, MA-4**, MA-4***, MA-6****, MA-1*****

UK_(s) + HCl (+ HNO₃, if no dissolve) + H₂O → filtrate.

UK → pH:

(pH 9 -14): UK + HCl until pH is 6 then resume with steps for pH (0 – 8)

(pH 0-8): UK + dimethylglyoxime + NH₄OH → result

Version 2.0 makes small change in treating acidic and basic samples differently however the results are the same.  The test indicates for Ni, Bi, Pd, Pt, Fe (III), Cu, Co, and Mn.

Nitric Acid  Test

UK + peroxide test strip

UK + q + Oxidizer strip → result.

UK + q → vapor observations + [HCl on Oxidizer strip] → result.

UK + peroxide test strip

Version 2.0 gives instructions and observations regarding vapors.  Version 2.0 also detects chromic and hydroidic acid in addition to Nitric acid.

Oil Test

UK + q + NaHSO₃* → result

*Oil Test

UK + MeOH + NaOH → result, 40 mins, timer.

The test is designed to distinguish between petroleum oils and vegetable/animal fat oils.  While version 2.0 uses less reagents and would allow for disposal of NaHSO3, the test does take 40 mins and requires accurate use of a timer.

Organic Acid Test

UK_(aq) + Ammonium Molybdate/Sodium Metavanadate* + Sodium Bisulfite** →  color results

*Organic Acid Test

**Oil Test

Liquids:

UK_(l) + (NH₄)2Fe(SO₄)₂ + -HOOH → result/restart

UK_(l) + I + H2) → result → alcohol test.

Solids:

UK + H₂O → Dissolves/Floats

Float – treat as liquid

Dissolved – UK_(aq) + KI → white/yellow + BaCl₂ → result

The test is designed to give colors for the various organic acids.  Version 2.0 utilizes different reagents and appears to allow more acids to be identified.

Organic/ Inorganic Acid Test

UK + Gastec Acid Gases 80/ Drager Acetic Acid 5/a

Eliminated

The test is designed to determine if an acid is organic or inorganic.  In version 2.0 it has been eliminated and additionally it was never maintained for lack of Drager tubes.

Organic Compounds Test

UK + NaSCN* + q + sulfide test strip

*Cobalt Test

Eliminated

The test is a fallback test for extremely difficult unknowns and merely identifies if a compound has C-H bonds.  I recommend keeping the test/ putting it into the WMD kit.

Organophosphate Quick Test

UK_(aq) + AgNO₃* → pH & result

*Chloride Test

[UK + Xylene + MeOH] + AgNO₃

The test is part of the pesticide detection kit and offers a quick way to identify organophosphates for unknowns featuring a foul odor and emulsify in water.  Version 2.0 creates an emulsion, while the first does not.

Organophospate Test (Agri Screen Ticket

UK + H2O + Agri Screen Ticket

Eliminated

The test identifies three types of pesticides.

Oxalate Test

UK_(aq) + MnO₂* + H₂SO₄** + q → Gastec Polytec IV/ Drager Carbon Dioxide 0.01%/a

*Aniline Test, **Arsenic Test $

Eliminated

The test was designed to identify oxalates.

Oxidizer Test Complex

1. Oxidizer Test

[HCl + Oxidizer paper ] → UK

2. Acid Test

UK + HCl + Oxidizer Paper

3. Water Reactivity Test

[H₂O + Oxidizer Paper] + UK

4.Oxidizer in Air Test

Same is the first test except the strip doesn’t touch the unknown.

1. Oxidizer Test

[HCl + Oxidizer paper ] → UK

2. Oxidizer in Air Test

Same is the first test except the strip doesn’t touch the unknown.

3. Oxidizer in Smoke Test

Repeat oxidizer test with ignited sample

The oxidizer test has not undergone significant revisions.  Version 2.0 eliminates the Acid and water reactivity tests while adding the oxidizer in smoke test. The oxidizer chart test is not included in version 2.0 which might benefit from it.

Palladium Test

See nickel test

No changes in Nickel Test.

See nickel test remarks.

PCB Test

See Clor N Oil Test

Not included.

Not stocked.

Perchlorate Test

UK_(aq) + Methylene Blue

UK_(aq) + Methylene Blue

No changes.

Peroxide Test

Rinse Test:

[H₂O + MeOH*] rinsed down cap + peroxide test strip

Test 2:

UK + Peroxide Test strip

CuSO₄ + UK + color changes for concentrations.

*Alcohol solubility

Test 1:

[H₂O + MeOH] rinsed down cap + peroxide test strip

Test 2:

UK + MeOH + Peroxide test strip.  If positive determine concentration/risk

CuSO₄ + UK + timer

In both version, test 1 remains unchanged.  Test 2 features the slight variation of methanol to the unknown.  Changes are minor and overall the test is the same.

Phenol Test

UK + Gastec Phenol 60 /Drager Phenol 1/b

UK + Drager Phenol 1/b

The test was used to identify phenol but has been eliminated.  The drager tubes are not stocked.

Pesticide Screening Test

Xylene/Alcohol Solubility test.

UK + MeOH →suspension/sinks/dissolves/ gel

UK+ Xylene → suspension/sinks/dissolves/gel

Xylene Alcohol Solubility Test.  Instructions in version 1.0 might be better.

Phosphate Test

UK_(aq) → pH (add NH₄OH* until pH ≥ 8) + AgNO₃**

*MA-4, Chloride Test

H₂O + Ammonium Acetate Acetic Acid + UK →result + AgNO₃ → result + HNO₃ → result

The test was included to test for the inorganic phosphate anion. The test has a different formulation in version 2.0

Phosphide Test

UK + HCl* + Zn** + [HgCl2*** + Arsenic Test Paper ]

*MA-6, Arsenic Test 5**, Arsenic Test 1***

UK_(aq) + HCl + Zn → [reagent paper]

The test was included to test for inorganic phosphides.  The features a different formulation which also cross identifies other metals.

pH Test

No changes

Picric Acid Test

UK + Methylene Blue* → result

UK + Methylene Blue* → result

NO changes

Platinum

See Nickel Test

Not included

Nickel Test comments apply.

Polytec IV Test

Series of Tubes

Not included

The test is actually 14 tests combined into one but it has not been used due to its use of specialized tubes.

Potassium Test

UK+ copper wire + HCl

Not included

Version 1.0 includes this test specifically however the test is basically covered as MA 1.

Plastics Ignition Test

–

Plastic + q

See plastics chart for observations.

Polarity test

–

UK + Magneson 2 →color change

The test determines the polarity of an unknown.

Reactivity in Water Test

UK + H₂O → result

The test used to be included in the Oxidizer Test Complex but now stands alone to assess a compound’s reactivity.

Rubidium

Metal Analysis 1

Not included

No changes seeing as the result is listed in Metal Analysis 1

Rhodium Test

NH₄Cl* + H₂O + SnCl₂** + KI *** + UK → result

*MA-13, **As 2, ***As 3

This confirmatory test for Rhodium is no longer used but I suspect it can be kept on file.

*uncertain if we stock MA13

Saturation Test

–

[MeOH + KMnO₄] + UK → result

The test determines if an organic compound is a straight chain alkane or anything else.  A timer is employed to distinguish between unsaturated compounds and other types of hydrocarbons.

Selenium Test

UK + HCl + Thiourea → result

–

The test is used to identify Selenium.  Currently we do not stock it.

Silver Test

UK_(l) + a,a’dipyridyl* → result

*Cadmium test

UK_(l) +  KI → color change

UK_(s) + H2O, if no dissolving,

+ [NH₄OH + HNO₃] + K₂CrO₄.

Adjust  pH as needed with NaOH,

Version 2.0 has altered the test to eliminate the use of the cadmium reagent.  While the new test is doable, it does not detect small amounts of silver therefore Metal Analysis test 5 must be done to confirm.

Soap Test

UK + H₂O → shake & pH

Eliminated

The test was designed to detect soaps, surfactants, and detergents.  It has been eliminated in Version 2.0

Sodium Test

UK + wire into flame test/ acidified flame test

Eliminated.

To confirm for sodium the unknown must dissolve in the water solubility test and additionally it must also recrystallize out of the char test.

Strontium Test

See Barium Test comments

Eliminated

See Barium Test

Strychnine Test

UK + Aniline Test + H₂SO₄ → initial positive required

UK + NH₄OH* + CHCl₃**+ q → residue + H₂SO₄ + K₂CrO₄***

*MA-4, **Strychnine test 1, ***strychnine test 2

Eliminated

The test was designed to detect strychnine.  The pretest allows a simpler screen for the compound but due to interferences the double wash test has to be utilized to confirm.  Strychnine reagents were not stocked.

Sugar Test

UK_(aq) + HCl + q +[CuSO₄* + Alkaline Tartrate**] → result

*sugar test 1, **sugar test 2

UK_(aq) + CuSO₄ → result

Version 2.0 eliminiates acidifying the unknown and additionally, the copper sulfate reacts directly with the unknown.

Sulfate Test

UK_(aq) + BaCl₂^* → precipitate

*sulfate test

UK_(aq) + HCl + BaCl₂ → precipitate results [+ ^–HOOH → confirmatory results ]

Version 2.0 combines this with the sulfite test. The addition of peroxide is what serves to confirm the presence of sulfite and should only be performed when directed to from the flow chart.

Sulfide Test

UK + HCl + sulfide test strip*

*lead acetate

UK(aq) + HCl + [Reagent paper + AgNO₃]

The test appears to be the same however the reagent papers are different which compels different color changes from the reactions.  *recommend assessing reagent paper

Sulfite Test

UK(aq) + Zn* + HCl + sulfide test strip*

*As-5, lead acetate paper

UK_(aq) + HCl + BaCl₂ → precipitate results + ^–HOOH → confirmatory results

Version 2.0 combines this with the sulfate test. The addition of peroxide is what serves to confirm the presence of sulfite and should only be performed when directed to from the flow chart.

Thiocyanate Test

Test 1:

UK_(aq) + HCl + Ferrous Ammonium Citrate* → color change

*Cyanide test 2

Test 2:

UK + q + Gastec Hydrogen Cyanide 12L or Drager Hydrocyanic Acid 2/a

UK_(aq) + HCl + Ferrous Ammonium Citrate → color change

No Changes in Test 1.  Test 2 was never used due to Drager tubes.

Tin Test

UK_(aq) + H₂SO₄* + KI* → result + HCl*** → result/confirmation

*Arsenic 4, **Arsenic 3, ***MA6

UK_(aq) + H₂SO₄ + KI → result + HCl → result/confirmation

Both versions allow  for tin to be detected and confirmed along with indications for Antimony and Arsenic.

**This test reminds me to be concerned about distinctions between concentrated acids vs. the dilute versions and whether it creates differences.

Titanium Test

Test 1:

UK + ^–HOOH* → yellow

*Metal Analysis

Test 2:

UK + Methylene Blue* + HCl** + Zn*** → formation of white precipitate whose speed of formation shall be compared to a standard containing [H₂O + Methylene blue + HCl + Zn]

*Perchlorate test, ** MA6, ***As5

H₂O + H₂SO₄ + UK + ^–HOOH → color change for vanadium or titanium

Version 1.0 features 2 tests which indicate for titanium.  Modifications have been made to the version 2.0 test however this test now also confirms for titanium and vanadium.  The version 2.0 also is able to indicate for chromate, copper, zirconium, and thorium.  All the reagents utilized in both tests from version 1 are available and thus the test can be maintained.

The mechanism for the vanadium test in version 1.0 is identical to the titanium version 2.0 test.

Tungsten Test

n/a

UK_(aq) + H₂SO₄ + SnCl₂ → result + HCl → result + NaSCN + SnCl₂ → result

The Tungsten test is new to version 2.0.  At each section where results are checked, certain color indicators must be present for the test to continue.

Turpentine Test

UK + I → warmth/color + H₂O → UK should sink

N/A

The turpentine test is not included in version 2.0. The test should only be completed on liquids featuring viscosity {1,2}.  The reagents for this test are still maintained and can be carried.

Uranium Test

Filter Paper:

[Dried MA-10 filter + Potassium Ferrocyanide* ] + UK → brown rings

UK_{(acidifed w/ metal extraction)} + Potassium Ferrocyanide → precipitate

UK + Ammonium Acetate + Potassium Ferrocyanide → brown precipitate

There are no changes except for the elimination of the filter test.

Urea Test

UK + [copper wire + MeOH*] + q → color change

UK_(aq) + q + NaOH + CuSO₄ → color change

Version 2.0 utilizes copper sulfate as the source of copper in lieu of the copper wire utilized in version 1.0.  Both tests can be maintained in the kits.

Urine Test

UK(aq) + phosphotungstic acid* + NH4OH** → color change

*Urine test

**MA 4

The urine test is now a flow chart which utilizes other tests to assess for urine.  They include:

Molybdenum test

Urea test

Phosphate test

Chloride Test

Sulfate/sulfite Test

Carboxylate test

Thiocyanate test

Borate test

Flouride test

Thermal Analysis

Ammonium Salt tests

Version 1.0 features a less complex test for urine which is not included in the flow chart.  The Version 2.0 is an entire flow chart dedicated to many tests combining to screen out and identify urine.

Questions exist regarding how both tests integrate into the flow chart.  Version 1.0 might be maintained if the Urine test is available.

Vanadium Test

UK(aq) + H₂SO₄ + ^–HOOH → color indicator

n/a

included in the titanium test

The vanadium version 1.0 test appears to be the same as the titanium 2.0 test.  The test can be maintained in the kit without further changes.

Vegetable Oil test

n/a

UK + Ammonium Acetate + H₂SO4 → result

UK + K₂CrO₄ + H₂SO₄ → result

UK + MeOH + HNO₃ + K₂CrO₄ → result

Version 2.0 includes this test which is designed to provide more definite solutions regarding the identity of a vegetable oil.  The rest is able to give a confirmation for Cod liver oil.

Viscosity Test

Water solubility complex

Utilize viscosity standard

The test stands alone in version 2.0 which is easier for use, however the mechanism is the same.

Water Reactivity Test

Included in oxidizer test

n/a

n/a

Water Solubility Test

Complex Test

Section 3

To be assessed.

Xylene/Alchol Solubility Test

UK + MeOH + H2O → emulsion

UK + Xylene + H2O → emulsion

Pesticide Screen Test

No changes.

Zinc Test

Test 1 for zinc metal:

UK → acid flame test

Test 2 or zinc cation:

NaOH* + H₂O + UK_(aq) + acid.

*MA5

The indicators for both results are identical however version 2.0 does seem to offer more simple instructions.